Balance and Fall prevention
Falls are common in all age groups and especially problematic in the elderly. Falls can result in both musculoskeletal and neurological injuries. Balance and stability are important factors for aging adults to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Physical therapists are an essential part of a patient’s healthcare team, and can help to prevent falls, injuries, and identify those who are at risk for falling.
Common causes of balance difficulty and falls:
• Osteoarthritis seen in neck, back, hips or knees
• Neuropathy or nerve injury
• Vitamin deficiency such as B12 deficiency
• Pharmacologic (medications)
• Weakness in extremities
• Strokes
• Vertigo
• Blood pressure shifts
• Glucose shifts
• Improper footwear.
• Visual impairment
Goals of treatment for balance difficulty and falls:
• Therapeutic exercise to improve strength
• Balance-specific training to improve balance and vestibular function
• Home safety assessments and recommendations for proper in-house amenities.
• Patient education regarding footwear.
• Proper use of assistive device uses; such as canes or walkers.
• Communication with primary physicians and pharmacists regarding patient medication